La lipotransferencia como complemento seguro en la reconstrucción orbitaria

Los defectos periorbitarios independientemente de su causa, suelen relacionarse con los servicios médicos oftalmológicos; sin embargo, en ocasiones requieren de la intervención del cirujano plástico. La pérdida de un globo ocular tiene repercusiones funcionales, estéticas y psicológicas en las personas que la sufren. Puede exponer asimetrías de los tejidos subyacentes más profundos que mejoran con el lipoinjerto al devolver los contornos de los tejidos blandos alrededor del ojo. El objetivo de presentar esta serie de casos es mostrar la utilidad del lipoinjerto autólogo asistido con células madre del tejido adiposo como complemento de la reconstrucción de la órbita. Se presentan tres casos que acudieron al servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras remitidas desde el servicio de Cirugía Plástica Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer por atrofia de la grasa periorbitaria por cirugía de cavidades anoftálmicas. Se verificó que cumplieran con los criterios de selección de pacientes para cirugía plástica y se citaron para tratamiento quirúrgico con técnica de lipotransferencia asistida con células madre. La lipotransferencia asistida con células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo constituye un complemento terapéutico seguro y necesario para obtener mejores resultados estéticos en la reconstrucción de la órbita. El éxito final está en lograr una buena apariencia de los párpados, con la capacidad para retener una prótesis ocular que permita el crecimiento adecuado del hueso facial y mejorar el aspecto estético.

Periorbital defects, regardless of their etiology, are usually related to ophthalmologic medical services; however, sometimes they require the intervention of the plastic surgeon. The loss of an eyeball has functional, aesthetic and psychological repercussions in those who suffer it. It can expose deeper underlying tissue asymmetries that improve with lipografting by restoring the soft tissue contours around the eye. The purpose of presenting this case series is to show the utility of autologous adipose tissue stem cell-assisted lipograft as an adjunct to orbital reconstruction. Three cases are presented that came to the Plastic Surgery Service of the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras referred from the Ocular Plastic Surgery Service of the Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer for atrophy of the periorbital fat due to surgery of anophthalmic cavities. It was verified that they met the criteria for selection of patients for plastic surgery and they were scheduled for surgical treatment with stem cell-assisted lipotransfer technique. Stem cell assisted lipotransfer is a safe and necessary therapeutic complement to obtain better aesthetic results in the reconstruction of the orbit. The ultimate success lies in achieving a good appearance of the eyelids, with the ability to retain an ocular prosthesis that allows adequate growth of the facial bone and improve the aesthetic appearance.

How I do it: micro-neurosurgical resection of spheno-orbital meningioma with customized orbit reconstruction technique.

BACKGROUND: Spheno-orbital meningioma (SOM) is a rare intracranial pathology with intraosseous hypertrophy and intraorbital extension. METHOD: We described a middle-aged female with SOM who was managed in a micro-neurosurgical manner. The titanium implant was customized and applied to rebuild the orbital wall to prevent postoperative enophthalmus. CONCLUSION: Despite technical demands, favorable cosmetic, and clinical outcomes without complications can be achieved by meticulous surgical technique following radical resection. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NA.

Spheno-orbital meningiomas: Is orbit reconstruction mandatory? Long-term outcomes and exophthalmos improvement.

Background: Meningiomas correspond to one-third of all primary central nervous system tumors. Approximately 9% of them are spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOMs), presenting significant clinical symptoms as visual impairment and orbital esthetics. This article aims to evaluate exophthalmos' improvement in a surgical series without orbital reconstruction. Methods: We consecutively included all patients diagnosed with SOM, admitted to a single institution for 10 years. Surgical resection was the standard of care, associated or not with adjuvant radiation therapy. The radiological investigation included preoperative and postoperative head CT or MRI. We quantified proptosis through imaging. Results: Forty patients composed this series, 87.5% were female. Proptosis was the most common presentation (90%), followed by decreased visual acuity (65%), motility deficit (20%), and headache (20%). Gross total resection was achieved in 65% of the procedures. In late outcomes, 78% of the patients maintained or improved visual acuity and 85% maintained or improved headache. Proptosis significantly improved after surgery and along with the follow-up (P < 0.001). Ten patients were submitted to adjuvant RT, six of them after a subtotal resection. All patients of this subgroup had proptosis. It was observed a higher frequency of worse in visual acuity in patients submitted to RT (71% vs. 28%, P = 0.038). Conclusion: Resection of SOM was sufficient to stop the evolution of visual deficit and allowed the improvement of proptosis. Orbital reconstruction does not seem to be an essential step in reducing enophthalmos.

Reconstrucción de defecto de órbita con colgajo prelaminado de fascia temporal superficial / Orbit defect reconstruction with pre-laminated temporal superficial fascia flap

El colgajo de fascia temporal superficial es muy versátil para la reconstrucción de defectos tisulares localizados en los tercios superior y medio de la cara, en la región orbito-palpebral, en la cavidad oral, en la base del cráneo y a nivel mandibular. En nuestra experiencia, constituye una opción segura para reconstrucciones complejas de cavidades. En el presente artículo los autores exponen el caso de una paciente en quien se reconstruyó un defecto de órbita con un colgajo de fascia temporal superficial prelaminado

The superficial temporal fascia flap is versatile for the reconstruction of tissue defects located in the upper and middle thirds of the face, in the orbital-palpebral region, in the oral cavity, at the base of the skull and at the mandibular level. In our experience, it is a safe option for complex cavity reconstructions. In this article the authors present the case of a patient in whom an orbit defect was reconstructed with a pre-laminated superficial temporal fascia flap

Going beyond the limitations of the non-patient-specific implant in titanium reconstruction of the orbit.

Reconstruction of post traumatic orbital defects has undergone a stepwise evolution following developments in reconstructive materials and surgical techniques. Advances in communication between surgical teams and design technicians have allowed provision of bespoke surgical plates with a high degree of accuracy and surgical relevance in an appropriate timeframe. We present a case series of 41 consecutive patients treated in London and BernBern Switzer between March 2019 and September 2020 with extensive defects reconstructed with patient specific orbital plates. Complexity of fracture was risk adjusted using the Jaquiery scale with one patient (J3), 14 patients (J4), and 26 Patients (J5). Outcome was assessed by accuracy of fit at the surgical margins and was 94.5%. The study group was statistically tested against a previous series by the same group and was statistically different with respect to the case complexity (p<0.001) and accuracy of fit (p<0.001) (Fisher's exact test). Complications included the removal on one plate due to patient choice, with perfect surgical position and resolving diplopia. Only one plate articulation was poor, this mitigated by the size of the defect and the orbital soft tissue swelling which prohibited seating the implant. The patient remains well with acceptable function and satisfactory aesthetics. We present design considerations including the use two part plates, and surgical pearls to achieve predictable placement. We believe that the use of custom plates for reconstruction of Jaquiery 4 and 5 should be considered. We regard this technology as a game changer in surgical management of the complex high risk orbit.

Evaluation of fronto-orbital reconstruction surgery for the treatment of metopic synostosis in Chinese population.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery on pediatric metopic synostosis via an image-based 3D reconstruction in Chinese population. METHODS: Thirty pediatric metopic synostosis patients who received fronto-orbital reconstruction surgery in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, from January 2007 to December 2018 were analyzed in the study. Here we use the Mimics 20.0 software to reconstruct patients' cranial thin-section CT scan images from pre- and post-operation and control groups. Then the data of intracranial volume, frontal volume, orbital hypertelorism, ECA, ZF, and ORA were analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. RESULTS: The age of these patients was 15.83 ± 16.12 months. After surgery, the mean frontal volume was enlarged from 92.75 ± 26.97 to 138.62 ± 47.97 cm3 (P < 0.0001), and the intracranial volume was enhanced from 976.87 ± 230.83 to 1059.44 ± 217.98 cm3 (P < 0.0001). In the meantime, the ECA was changed from 108.02 ± 8.17 to 134 ± 5.59° (P < 0.0001). In line with the alteration of the parameters mentioned above, the head shapes in all patients were also significantly improved after the surgery with no obvious complications. CONCLUSION: Fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric metopic synostosis. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction could serve as a quantitative strategy to evaluate the efficacy of craniofacial surgery.

Clinical outcomes for minimally invasive primary and secondary orbital reconstruction using an advanced synergistic combination of navigation and endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Sequelae of inadequate orbital reconstruction include enophthalmos, hypoglobus, and diplopia. Accuracy of orbital reconstruction is largely subjective and especially difficult to achieve because of anatomic distortion in secondary or late reconstruction and in extensive injury. We combined computer navigation and endoscopy to perform accurate, aesthetic, and safe minimal-access primary and secondary orbital reconstruction. METHODS: From 2013 to 2014, 24 patients underwent unilateral primary and secondary or late minimally invasive orbital reconstruction with mainly Medpor and/or titanium mesh by navigation and endoscopic assistance through transantral, transconjunctival, or upper blepharoplasty approaches. Mean follow-up was 13.8 months (range, 6.2 months to 2.8 years). RESULTS: All orbital fractures were successfully reduced. Average enophthalmos among patients who underwent early reconstruction, late reconstruction, and multiorbital wall repair improved (p < .001) to 0.2 mm from 1.6, 2.6, and 2.6 mm, respectively. Hypoglobus and diplopia resolved in all. In early reconstruction patients, mean interorbital volume difference improved from 1.72 ± 0.87 to 0.53 ± 0.83 ml (P = .03). For late reconstruction patients, this difference improved from 3.41 ± 1.23 to 0.56 ± 0.96 ml (p < .001). There were no major complications during follow-up, and all were satisfied with their final appearance and function. CONCLUSION: Navigation sharpens reconstructive accuracy and avoids injury to vital structures. Combined with endoscopic assistance for minimal-access reconstruction of wide-ranging orbital defects from primary to secondary or late cases and to extensive multiwall fractures, navigation facilitates minimal cosmetic incision and synergistic endoscope use and clearly optimizes aesthetic and functional outcomes, all with enhanced safety and unparalleled intraoperative visualization.

Serial reconstruction of anophthalmic orbits with 'bag-shaped' flaps.

BACKGROUND: The author's goal was to present an approach for serial surgical reconstruction of anophthalmic orbits with 'bag-shaped' flaps and cartilage transplantation. METHODS: A review was performed of 53 patients who underwent serial physiological orbital reconstruction between 2006 and 2013. Orbital reconstruction was performed serially in stages, including "bag-shaped" flap transplantation, medial and lateral canthoplasty, tarsus reconstruction, and improvement of the strength of the levator palpebrae superior muscles. Curative effects were evaluated by the surgeons and patients jointly. RESULTS: Among the total of 53 cases, the curative effects were assessed as excellent in 28 patients, good in 17 patients, moderate in 6 patients, and poor in 2 patients. Two cases suffered necrosis of the bag-shaped flap, which was remedied with a frontal island flap and skin grafting; 4 cases experienced shallowness of the lower fornix, of which three were remedied by deepening of the lower fornix and the other by lower eyelid suspension. The appearance of the reconstructed eye socket was acceptable, natural and persistent. CONCLUSION: This procedure offers staged and serial reconstruction of anophthalmic orbits, according to the orbital shape and the volume loss of the orbital soft tissue. It is an ideal approach to reconstruct eye sockets, with a high survival rate of the flaps, acceptable appearance of the reconstructed eye socket, and stable depth of the upper and lower eyelid fornices.